Tanks used for tractor fuel are suitable for aqueous ammonia. Steel tanks that can with-stand high vapor pressure reaching 2 meganewtons per sq m (20 atmospheres) are used for anhydrous ammonia.
#LIQUID FERTILIZER FREE#
Liquid fertilizer containing free ammonia is stored and transported in air-tight vessels. Liquid fertilizer doses (in terms of nitrogen) are the same as those of solid nitrogen fertilizers. Since ammonium nitrate and urea solutions (up to 30–32 percent) do not contain ammonia, they can be put in the top dressing and sprayed over the soil’s surface. Ammonia solution and liquors are introduced at a depth of 10–12 cm, and anhydrous liquid ammonia at 15–20 cm (depending on the mechanical state of the soil). Liquid fertilizers are introduced into the soil to a specific depth (to avoid ammonia loss) by trailer or tractor-mounted machines with plows or cultivators. Thus, liquid fertilizers can be applied not only in spring but also in late summer (under a winter crop) and in the autumn (under the following year’s spring crop). Nitrogenous liquid fertilizers (ammonia solution 16.5–20.5 percent, anhydrous liquid ammonia 82.2 percent, ammonia liquors 35–45 percent) contain nitrogen mainly or exclusively in the form of ammonia (NH }), which bonds firmly with the soil particles and is not washed out by rain or melted snow water. Nitrogen liquid fertilizers are used in Czechoslovakia, Denmark, and other countries, and complex liquid fertilizers are used in France, Great Britain, and Canada. In the USA up to 50 percent of the nitrogenous fertilizers and about 10 percent of the complex ones are applied as liquids. Liquid fertilizers are extensively used abroad.
The experimental industrial manufacture and use of complex fertilizers began in 1966. In the USSR nitrogenous liquid fertilizers began to be used in 1956 in 1969 approximately 3 million tons of liquid fertilizer were used on kolkhoz and sovkhoz fields. Liquid fertilizers include nitrogenous fertilizers, anhydrous liquid ammonia, aqueous ammonia, ammoniates, concentrated solutions of ammonium nitrate and urea, and complex fertilizers containing two or three basic plant food elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) in various proportions. Inorganic substances, produced industrially and introduced into the soil in a liquid state.
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